In Islamic teachings, absolute sovereignty over the world and man belongs to God, and He has also made man sovereign over his own social destiny. Sovereignty over social destiny is among the fundamental human rights that no one can take away this God-given right from man or place it at the service of the interests of a specific individual or group. The people exercise this God-given right based on principles, Islamic rulings, and religious purposes. This sovereignty over social destiny reflects the concept of participation in political affairs. From the formation of the Islamic government in the era of the Holy Prophet of Islam until now, the issue of public participation and role-playing in the process of the Islamic civilization has always been among the fundamental and sensitive issues in the Islamic state. The participation of early Muslims in institutionalizing the civilization that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was building gradually turned into the right to self-determination, which is among the social and civil traditions and the components of the Islamic civilization. This participation and role-playing of the people in determining the destiny of the Islamic society was an important issue in all eras and periods of Islamic civilization. The new Islamic civilization, as the last and most complete stage and the pinnacle of political genius in Islamic societies, requires participatory platforms for various strata of the people in the Islamic society. This participatory platform creation requires explaining and outlining a comprehensive model corresponding to the foundations of the holy religion of Islam so as to determine the path of the people's movement in the new Islamic civilization and their role-playing for the realization of this complete phenomenon. This article, using a documentary method with a descriptive-analytical approach, while explaining the new Islamic civilization and providing an analytical conceptualization of it, has addressed presenting the model of public participation and role-playing in the process of the new Islamic civilization. Based on the findings of this article, the new Islamic civilization, while paying attention to the material dimensions of human life, considers the spiritual dimension necessary for its development and also for the human society to achieve perfection and eternal prosperity, and refers to this civilization as the most comprehensive and complete civilization that possesses a spirit full of faith and flows in all its pillars. The spiritual dimension and nation-building capability of the new Islamic civilization are considered its most important base and foundation, in which man himself, or the people, plays the main and essential role in the process of this civilization-building.