Along with the extremely rapid development and evolution of computer communications and the ever-increasing expansion of access by people of various societies to the internet and computer networks, challenging margins arising from the type of user performance emerged alongside its benefits. One of the most important aspects of media performance, both traditional and modern, is their positive and negative effects on the public sphere and public opinion, which stems from the capabilities and features of this tool. This ability is due to characteristics such as interactivity, communication synchronicity, comprehensiveness, and the decentralized nature of the internet network, which distinguishes it from traditional mass media such as press, radio, and television.
Meanwhile, the formation of cyberspace and technical development, given its high capacities, has assumed a unique role; because the capacities of this space have caused a transformation in the temporal and spatial dimensions and actors in influencing social security. Cyberspace affects social security in social and cultural dimensions. Hence, cyberspace has high negative capacities to influence and challenge social security.
Therefore, cyberspace and its dependent technologies are considered one of the most important sources of power; especially cyberspace, which possesses unique characteristics such as low cost, activity while maintaining anonymity, and asymmetry, which, with the increase of users' knowledge, adds to its diversity and complexities.